科目：物理 Physics (9702)
年份：2017 冬季
试卷：Paper 42
总页数：24
章节：12-13: Circular Motion & Gravitational Fields, 14-16: Temperature, Ideal Gases & Thermodynamics, 17: Oscillations, 18: Electric fields, 19: Capacitance, 20: Magnetic fields, 21: Alternating currents, 22: Quantum physics, 23: Nuclear physics, 24: Medical physics, 25: Astronomy and cosmology
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Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
1 (a) State Newton’s law of gravitation.
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...............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) The planet Jupiter and one of its moons, Io, may be considered to be uniform spheres that are isolated in space.
Jupiter has radius $R$ and mean density $\rho$ .
Io has mass $m$ and is in a circular orbit about Jupiter with radius $nR$ , as illustrated in Fig. 1.1.
<div style="text-align: center;">
!5
(c) (i) The radius $R$ of Jupiter is $7.15 \times 10^4$ km and the distance between the centres of Jupiter and Io is $4.32 \times 10^5$ km.
The period $T$ of the orbit of Io is 42.5 hours.
Calculate the mean density $\rho$ of Jupiter.
$\rho = \underline{\hspace{5cm}} \text{ kg m}^{-3}$ [3]
(ii) The Earth has a mean density of $5.5 \times 10^3 \text{ kg m}^{-3}$ . It is said to be a planet made of rock.
By reference to your answer in (i), comment on the possible composition of Jupiter.
$\underline{\hspace{10cm}}$ [1]
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2017 9702/42/O/N/17 [Turn over6 2 (a) State what is meant by *specific latent heat*. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... [2] (b) A beaker of boiling water is placed on the pan of a balance, as illustrated in Fig. 2.1. <!-- Image: Fig. 2.1 --> Fig. 2.1 The water is maintained at its boiling point by means of a heater. The change $M$ in the balance reading in 300s is determined for two different input powers to the heater. The results are shown in Fig. 2.2. <table>
7 (ii) Use data in Fig. 2.2 to determine the specific latent heat of vaporisation of water. specific latent heat = ………………………………………… J g⁻¹ 3 © UCLES 2017 9702/42/O/N/17 [Turn over
8 3 (a) (i) Define the radian. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... [2] (ii) State, by reference to simple harmonic motion, what is meant by angular frequency. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... [1] (b) A thin metal strip, c
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(ii) For a metal strip of length $L = 65\,\text{cm}$ and a load of mass $M = 240\,\text{g}$ , the frequency of oscillation is $3.2\,\text{Hz}$ .
Calculate the constant $c$ .
$$
c = \underline{\hspace{5cm}}\,\text{kg}\,\text{m}^3\,\text{s}^{-2}\,[3]
$$
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2017 9702/42/O/N/17 [Turn over10 4 (a) Explain the principles behind the *generation* of ultrasound waves for diagnosis in medicine. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ..................................................
11 (b) Ultrasound frequencies as high as 10 MHz are used in medical diagnosis. Suggest one advantage of the use of high-frequency ultrasound rather than lower-frequency ultrasound. ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... 1 © UCLES 2017 9702/42/O/N/17 [Turn over
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5 The analogue signal from a microphone is to be transmitted in digital form.
The variation with time $t$ of part of the signal from the microphone is shown in Fig. 5.1.
Fig. 5.1
The microphone output is sampled at a frequency of 5.0 kHz by an analogue-to-digital converter (ADC).
The output from the ADC is a series of 4-bit numbers. The smallest bit represents 1.0 mV.
The first sample is taken at time $t = 0$.
(a) Use Fig. 5.1 to complete Fig. 5.2.
<table>
<tr>
<th>time $t$/ms</th>
<th>microphone output/mV</th>
<th>ADC output</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>0.2</td>
<td>...........................................</td>
<td>............................</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>.........................................13
(b) After transmission of the digital signal, it is converted back to an analogue signal using a digital-to-analogue converter (DAC).
Using data from Fig. 5.1, draw, on the axes of Fig. 5.3, the output level from the DAC for the transmitted signal from time $t = 0$ to time $t = 1.2\,\text{ms}$ .
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
Fig. 5.3
[4]
(c) It is usual in modern telecommunication systems for the ADC and the DAC to have more than four bits in each sample.
State and explain the effect on the transmitted analogue signal of such an increase.
...............................................................................................................................
............................................................................14 6 (a) For any point outside a spherical conductor, the charge on the sphere may be considered to act as a point charge at its centre. By reference to electric field lines, explain this. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... [2] (b) An isolated spherical conductor has charge $q$, as shown in Fig. 6.1.  the electric field strength $E$ at point P where $x = 6.0 \, \text{cm}$ ,
$$
E = \underline{\hspace{5cm}} \, \text{N C}^{-1} \, [3]
$$
(ii) the radius $R$ of the sphere. Explain your answer.
$$
R = \underline{\hspace{5cm}} \, \text{cm} \, [2]
$$
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2017 9702/42/O/N/17 [Turn over16 7 (a) Feedback is used frequently in amplifier circuits. State (i) what is meant by feedback, ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... [2] (ii) two benefits of negative feedback in an amplifier circuit. 1. ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... 2. ...................
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When the potential at point P is $48\,\text{mV}$ , the output potential difference $V_{OUT}$ is $3.6\,\text{V}$ .
(i) Determine
1. the gain of the amplifier circuit,
$\text{gain} = \underline{\hspace{5cm}} \quad [2]$
2. the resistance of resistor R.
$\text{resistance} = \underline{\hspace{5cm}}\,\Omega \quad [2]$
(ii) State and explain the effect on the amplifier output when the potential at P exceeds $68\,\text{mV}$ .
$\underline{\hspace{10cm}}$
$\underline{\hspace{10cm}}$
$\underline{\hspace{5cm}} \quad [2]$
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2017
9702/42/O/N/17
[Turn over18
8 A thin slice of conducting material is placed normal to a uniform magnetic field, as shown in Fig. 8.1.
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
Fig. 8.1
The magnetic field is normal to face CDEF and to face PQRS.
The current $I$ in the slice is normal to the faces CDQP and FERS.
A potential difference, the Hall voltage $V_H$, is developed across the slice.
(a) (i) State the faces between which the Hall voltage $V_H$ is developed.
........................................................................................................... and ........................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain why a constant voltage $V_H$ is developed between the faces you have named in (i).
....19 (b) Two slices have similar dimensions. One slice is made of a metal and the other slice is made of a semiconductor material. For the same values of magnetic flux density and current, state which slice, if either, will give rise to the larger Hall voltage. Explain your reasoning. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ..............................................................................................................................
20 9 (a) State what is meant by a *field of force*. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... [2] (b) Explain the use of a uniform magnetic field and a uniform electric field for the selection of the velocity of charged particles. You may draw a diagram if you wish. ............................................................................................................................... ........................................................
21 (c) A beam of charged particles enters a region of uniform magnetic and electric fields, as illustrated in Fig. 9.1. region of uniform magnetic and electric fields magnetic field into plane of paper path of particle mass $m$ charge $+q$ velocity $v$ Fig. 9.1 The direction of the magnetic field is into the plane of the paper. The velocity of the charged particles is normal to the magnetic field as the particles enter the field. A particle in the beam has mass $m$, charge $+2q$ and velocity $v$. The particle passes undeviated through the region of the two fields. On Fig. 9.1, sketch the path of a particle that has (i) mass $m$, charge $+2q$ and velocity $v$ (label this path Q), [1] (ii) mass $m$, charge $+q$ and velocity slightly larger than $v$ (label this path V). 2 © UCLE
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10 (a) A metal surface is illuminated with light of a single wavelength $\lambda$ .
On Fig. 10.1, sketch the variation with $\lambda$ of the maximum kinetic energy $E_{\text{MAX}}$ of the electrons emitted from the surface.
On your graph mark, with the symbol $\lambda_0$ , the threshold wavelength.
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
Fig. 10.1
[3]
(b) A neutron is moving in a straight line with momentum $p$ .
The de Broglie wavelength associated with this neutron is $\lambda$ .
On Fig. 10.2, sketch the variation with momentum $p$ of the de Broglie wavelength $\lambda$ .
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
Fig. 10.2
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© UCLES 2017
9702/42/O/N/1723 11 The circuit for a full-wave rectifier using four ideal diodes is shown in Fig. 11.1. Fig. 11.1 A resistor R is connected across the output AB of the rectifier. (a) On Fig. 11.1, (i) draw a circle around any diodes that conduct when the terminal X of the input is positive with respect to terminal Y, [1] (ii) label the positive (+) and the negative (−) terminals of the output AB. [1] © UCLES 2017 9702/42/O/N/17 [Turn over
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(b) The variation with time $t$ of the potential difference $V$ across the input XY is given by the expression
$$
V = 5.6 \sin 380t
$$
where $V$ is measured in volts and $t$ is measured in seconds.
The variation with time $t$ of the rectified potential difference across the resistor R is shown in Fig. 11.2.
Fig. 11.2
Use the expression for the input potential difference $V$ , or otherwise, to determine
(i) the root-mean-square (r.m.s.) potential difference $V_{\text{r.m.s.}}$ of the input,
$$
V_{\text{r.m.s.}} = \underline{\hspace{5cm}} \quad V [1]
$$
© UCLES 2017 9702/42/O/N/1725 (ii) the number of times per second that the rectified potential difference at the output reaches a peak value. number = ………………………………………… [2] (c) A capacitor is now connected between the terminals AB of the output. The capacitor reduces the variation (the ripple) in the output to 1.6 V. (i) On Fig. 11.2, sketch the variation with time $t$ of the smoothed output voltage for time $t = t_1$ to time $t = t_2$. [4] (ii) Suggest and explain the effect, if any, on the mean power dissipation in resistor R when the capacitor is connected between terminals AB. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2 © UCLES 2017 9702/42/O/N/17 [Turn over
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12 The isotope iodine-131 ( $^{131}_{53}\text{I}$ ) is radioactive with a decay constant of $8.6 \times 10^{-2} \, \text{day}^{-1}$ . $\beta^-$ particles are emitted with a maximum energy of $0.61 \, \text{MeV}$ .
(a) State what is meant by
(i) radioactive,
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...............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) decay constant.
..........................................................................................................................27 (ii) the time for the activity of the iodine-131 to be reduced to $1/50$ of the activity calculated in (i). time = ……………………………………… days 2 © UCLES 2017 9702/42/O/N/17